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Traffic
Traffic on roads consists of road users including ridden or herded animals, vehicles, streetcars, buses and other conveyances, either singly or together, while using the public way for purposes of travel. Road laws are the laws which govern road and regulate vehicles, while rules of the road are both the laws and the informal rules that may have developed over time to facilitate the orderly and timely flow of the roads.
Organized roads generally has well-established priorities, lanes, right-of-way, and road control at intersections.
Roads are formally organized in many jurisdictions, with marked lanes, junctions, intersections, interchanges, road signals, or signs. Roads are often classified by type: heavy motor vehicle (e.g., car, truck), other vehicles (e.g., moped, bicycle), and pedestrian. Different classes may share speed limits and easement or may be segregated. Some jurisdictions may have very detailed and complex rules of the road while others rely more on drivers’ common sense and willingness to cooperate.
Organization typically produces a better combination of travel safety and efficiency. Events which disrupt the flow and may cause roads to degenerate into a disorganized mess include road construction, collisions, and debris in the roadway. On particularly busy freeways, a minor disruption may persist in a phenomenon known as roads waves. A complete breakdown of an organization may result in road congestion and gridlock. Simulations of organized traffic frequently involve queuing theory, stochastic processes and equations of mathematical physics applied to road flow.
The word traffic originally meant “trade” (as it still does) and comes from the Old Italian verb trafficare and noun traffico. The origin of the Italian words is unclear. Suggestions include Catalan trafegar “decant”, an assumed Vulgar Latin verb transfricare ‘rub across’, an assumed Vulgar Latin combination of trans- and facere ‘make or do Arabic tafriq ‘distribution and Arabic taraffaqa, which can mean ‘seek profit’
